Life, Psychology, and Intelligence: A Three-Level Model of Intelligence

Studies of Artifical Intelligence (AI) are still very difficult in many areas, such as in Robotics, etc. When things are not going well enough, people have to come back to fundamentals.

Traditionally, many of AI researches are based on Turing Machine or equivalences, which are highly influenced by deterministic models.

However, for the real world, there are quantum theories, etc., which suggest the possibility of nondeterministism.

Some scientists tried to build the human mental models based on quantum theories. However, the difference between the time scale of neuron firing and excitations in microtubules and the decoherence time tells us there are some links in the middle still missing.

That is the reason I propose this three-level model: Life, Psychology, and Intelligence, to fit in the gap.

Psychology is a subdomain of life, built on top of the other parts of life. Intelligence is a subdomain of both life and psychology, and built on top of the other parts of both life and psychology.

Ilya Prigogine's theory of systems far from equilibrium is a good foundation for life phenomena. My goal is to further study and accumulate the knowledge and models in psychology based on Brussels-Austin group and Ilya Prigogine's theories. Once concrete enough foundation has been constructed for this middleware, we could combine the quantum theories and intelligence models.

So far, most of AI researches are based on methods of equilibrium. These approaches are difficult to make progresses in many areas. Probably people should try to re-focus AI researches on methods of far from equilibrium, rather than only on those of equilibrium.

There are some discussions of ontological aspect and epistemic aspect in Brussels-Austin approach. In real world, due to measurability, there could be several possibilities:

1) Measurable Determinism, determined by measurable factors: environment and internal states, etc.
2) Unmeasurable Determinism, determined by some factors which are not measurable.
3) Nondeterminism. With this model, there could be somethings such as free wills, etc.

Systems far from equilibrium, combined with the possibilities of measurable or unmeasurable, could be the way to illustrate the complexity of psychology and intelligence.

Based on my three-level model, the psychological concepts such as 'will' or 'free will' could be re-studied based on systems far from equilibrium. New concepts and models of intelliegnce could be proposed based on further studies.

Since life is a typical type of systems far from equilibrium, very different from other systems, Brussels-Austin group could even gain some hints from the studies based on my propsoal, to re-energize and push forward their researches.

In this proposal, there are five main points which, if no one proposed before, are my new contributions:
1) The difference between the time scale of neuron firing and excitations in microtubules and the decoherence time, does not exclude the possiblility to build psychology and intelligence models on quantum theories. Just people need build the missing middleware between them first.
2) The theories of far from equilibrium could be used as the foundation of the middleware mentioned in 1).
3) AI researches better to re-focus on methods of far from equilibrium, rather than only on those of equilibrium.
4) Brussels-Austin approach could use life phenomena as good study targets to gain hints, re-energize their efforts, and push forward the researches.
5) A three-level model for intelligence: Life, Psychology, and Intelliegnce. Psychology depends on the other parts of life. Intelligence depends on the other parts of both life and psychology.

If someone already proposed some or all of these ideas before, please let me know. I would really appreciate.